Data Types of C++

In C++, data types are used to define the type of data that a variable can hold. They help the compiler allocate memory and determine the operations that can be performed on the data. C++ provides a variety of built-in data types, each with its own characteristics and memory requirements. Let's explore some of the main data types with suitable examples:

1. 1. Integers: Integers are used to represent whole numbers. They can be either signed (positive, negative, or zero) or unsigned (positive or zero).

   cpp
   int a = 42;        // Signed integer
   unsigned int b = 100;  // Unsigned integer

2. 2. Floating-Point Numbers: Floating-point types are used to represent numbers with a decimal point. They include float, double, and long double.

   cpp
   float pi = 3.14159;
   double gravity = 9.81;

3. 3. Characters: Characters represent single characters like letters, digits, or symbols.

   cpp
   char letter = 'A';
   

4. 4. Boolean: Boolean type represents true or false values.

   cpp
   bool isTrue = true;
   

5. 5. Strings: Strings are sequences of characters.

   cpp
   std::string name = "John Doe";
   

6. 6. Arrays: Arrays hold a fixed number of elements of the same data type.

   cpp
   int scores[5] = {95, 87, 72, 64, 90};
   

7. 7. Pointers: Pointers hold memory addresses of other variables.

   cpp
   int x = 10;
   int *ptr = &x;  // Pointer to an integer

8. 8. Enums: Enums define a set of named integer constants.

   cpp
   enum Color { RED, GREEN, BLUE };
   Color myColor = GREEN;

9. 9. Structures: Structures allow grouping different data types under a single name.

   cpp
   struct Person {
       std::string name;
       int age;
   };
   Person person1 = {"Alice", 25};

10. 10. Classes: Classes are user-defined data types that can include both data members and member functions.

    cpp
    class Circle {
    public:
        double radius;
        double getArea() {
            return 3.14159 * radius * radius;
        }
    };
    Circle myCircle;
    myCircle.radius = 5.0;
    double area = myCircle.getArea();

These are just some of the basic data types in C++. Each data type serves a specific purpose and has its own set of operations that can be performed on it. Understanding these data types is essential for effective programming in C++.