Different type of operator in C

 

Operators in C can be categorized into several types based on their functionality. Here's an overview of different types of operators in C:

1. Arithmetic Operators:

• Perform mathematical operations on numeric values.
• Examples: + (addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), / (division), % (modulo).

int a = 10, b = 3;

int sum = a + b;   // 13

int difference = a - b;  // 7

int product = a * b;  // 30

int quotient = a / b;  // 3

int remainder = a % b;  // 1

2. Relational Operators:

• Compare values and return a Boolean result (true or false).
• Examples: == (equal to), != (not equal to), < (less than), > (greater than), <= (less than or equal to), >= (greater than or equal to).

int x = 5, y = 8;

int isEqual = (x == y);  // false (0)

int isNotEqual = (x != y);  // true (1)

int isLessThan = (x < y);  // true (1)

3. Logical Operators:

• Perform logical operations on Boolean values.
• Examples: && (logical AND), || (logical OR), ! (logical NOT).

int a = 1, b = 0;

int logicalAnd = (a && b);  // false (0)

int logicalOr = (a || b);   // true (1)

int logicalNot = !a;        // false (0)

4. Assignment Operators:

• Assign values to variables.
• Examples: = (assignment), += (add and assign), -= (subtract and assign), *= (multiply and assign), /= (divide and assign), %= (modulo and assign).

int x = 10, y = 5;

x += y;  // x is now 15 (equivalent to x = x + y)

y *= 2;  // y is now 10 (equivalent to y = y * 2)

5. Bitwise Operators:

• Perform bit-level operations on integers.
• Examples: & (bitwise AND), | (bitwise OR), ^ (bitwise XOR), ~ (bitwise NOT), << (left shift), >> (right shift).

int a = 5, b = 3;

int bitwiseAnd = a & b;  // 1

int bitwiseOr = a | b;   // 7

int bitwiseXor = a ^ b;  // 6

6. Unary Operators:

• Operate on a single operand.
• Examples: + (unary plus), - (unary minus), ++ (increment), -- (decrement), ! (logical NOT).

int x = 5;

int unaryPlus = +x;     // 5

int unaryMinus = -x;    // -5

int increment = ++x;    // x is now 6

7. Conditional (Ternary) Operator:

• Provides a concise way to write conditional expressions.
• Syntax: condition ? expr1 : expr2

int a = 5, b = 10;

int max = (a > b) ? a : b;  // max is 10

8. Sizeof Operator:

• Determines the size, in bytes, of a data type or an object.
• Syntax: sizeof(type) or sizeof(expression)

int sizeOfInt = sizeof(int);  // Size of int in bytes

9. Comma Operator:

• Evaluates multiple expressions separated by commas.
• Returns the value of the last expression.

int a = 5, b = 10, c = 15;

int result = (a += 2, b += 5, c += 10);  // result is 25

10. Address-of (&) and Dereference (*) Operators:

• & gets the memory address of a variable.
• * is the dereference operator, used to access the value at a memory address.

int number = 42;

int* ptr = &number;  // ptr holds the address of 'number'

int valueAtPtr = *ptr;  // valueAtPtr is 42

11. Pointer Operators (->):

• Accesses a member of a structure or union through a pointer.

struct Point {
    int x;
    int y;
};

struct Point p = {10, 20};

struct Point* ptr = &p;

int xValue = ptr->x;  // Accessing 'x' through the pointer

12. Conditional Compilation (#) Operator:

• Used in preprocessor directives to control compilation.
• Examples: #define, #ifdef, #ifndef, #if, #else, #elif, #endif.

#define DEBUG 1

#if DEBUG
    // Code for debugging

#else
    // Code for release

#endif

13. Miscellaneous Operators:

• , (comma operator): Separates expressions in a statement.
• sizeof: Returns the size of a type or an object.
• ->: Accesses a member of a structure or union through a pointer.

These operators, combined with the ones previously mentioned, cover the majority of operators in the C programming language. They provide powerful tools for performing various operations, managing memory, and controlling program flow. Understanding how to use these operators effectively is key to writing expressive and efficient C code.